New Research in Physics

Abstract In this research, a nanostructured multilayer transparent conductive system, ZnS/Ag/ZnS/Ag/ZnS, was designed and simulated on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate using Essential Macleod software. The primary objective of this design was to enhance and optimize both the optical transmittance and electrical resistance properties. To achieve this, the optimal thickness of each layer was calculated to simultaneously provide high optical transmittance and low electrical resistance. Utilizing Essential Macleod software and simulation analysis, the optimal thickness for each layer was precisely determined. This design and optimization method for the ZnS/Ag/ZnS/Ag/ZnS structure facilitates the efficient use of this structure in various optoelectronic applications. Certain electrical and optical properties of the ZnS/Ag/ZnS/Ag/ZnS multilayer system were investigated. The measured properties included sheet resistance, optical transmittance, and reflectance. The ZnS/Ag/ZnS/Ag/ZnS multilayer structure yielded the best results when the thickness of the silver layers was 10 nm and the thickness of the ZnS layers was 30 nm. Under these conditions, the figure of merit, FTC, was 0.0745 Ω⁻¹, which is the maximum value and indicates the best performance of the structure. Furthermore, a low sheet resistance of approximately 6.328 Ω/sq and a transmittance of 92.75% in the visible region were achieved. The low electrical resistance and high transmittance make this structure suitable as a transparent conductive electrode in optoelectronic applications.

Abstract Quantum adiabatic computing provides a framework for simulating quantum algorithms grounded in established quantum mechanics theorems. The quantum adiabatic theorem defines the conditions for the adiabatic transformation of quantum systems, but verifying these conditions demands careful scrutiny. This study focuses on the generalized Deutsch algorithm within the realm of quantum adiabatic computing. The time-dependent Hamiltonian is analyzed by evaluating the system's input and output states. The input state is a two-particle quantum entangled state, while the four output states represent the system's computational results. The allowed energy levels of the computational system are derived as the eigenstates of the Hamiltonian. By plotting these energy levels, the differences between them are quantified. Standard runtime functions are employed to validate the computational system, and various scheduled time functions are used to examine the applicability of the quantum adiabatic theorem to the generalized Deutsch algorithm. Analysis of the energy gaps between excited states and the ground state confirms that the proposed Hamiltonian satisfies adiabatic conditions throughout the algorithm's execution.

Abstract In this study, quantum simulation calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) were used to investigate the electronic behavior and quantum capacitance of an AlN nanoribbon with a manganese magnetic impurity. The electronic results indicate that doping this nanoribbon with a manganese atom creates spin polarization around the Fermi level, and the density of states in the two spin channels differs around the Fermi level. Furthermore, the quantum capacitance of this compound and the surface electric charge density, arising from the accumulation of electric charge in the states around the Fermi level, were examined. All possible configurations for the position of the doped manganese atom were investigated. The results showed that the impurity atom's location significantly impacts the quantum capacitance and surface charge density of the compound compared to its pure state. The findings of this study can serve as a new foundation for utilizing nanoribbons doped with magnetic metals for charge and energy storage applications

Abstract Formation and temporal evolution of the plasma boundary layer in plasma immersion ion implantation is investigated in the presence of a static magnetic field. Here the ions are not cold and their temperature has been taken into account. By using a negative high-voltage pulse with an exponential ramp function on a target immersed in plasma, a positive space charge is formed and expanded around it. Rise time of the ramp function and pressure of the plasma neutral gas influence the formation and expansion of the plasma boundary layer near the target. The time evolution of the ion current density, ion kinetic energy and ion incident angle as well as the time evolution of the positive space charge and the width of the boundary layer are studied as functions of the neutral gas pressure and the rise time of the exponential ramp function. Our findings show that the time dependency of the variables of the plasma boundary layer is more pronounced for a longer rise time.

Abstract Nowadays cancer is known as the second leading cause of death in the world, so early detection is important. Body mass is divided into two general categories benign and malignant types; distinguishing between these types is the most important challenge for doctors. Clinical guidelines for cancer diagnosis have several limitations, such as the need for experienced specialists, cost, and time-consuming, so the need to use low-cost and fast methods is felt. In this study, benign, malignant and health, diseased samples were cut by microtome and then fixed on slides; by using the optical scattering method and calculation of anisotropy( g ) and the width of the H-G fitting function, the difference between benign and malignant samples is determined and differentiating between them is possible

Abstract Entering the 21st century, with the ongoing energy crisis and the intensification of environmental pollution and energy storage technologies, renewable energy has attracted the attention of the whole human society. Compared with other energy storage systems, lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are considered as one of the most promising systems for next-generation rechargeable batteries due to their high energy density and low cost. However, both cathode and anode materials face serious shortcomings in practical applications. For cathode materials, the shuttle effect and the loss of cathode active materials due to volume expansion during cycling are often considered as the main reasons for the energy reduction of lithium-sulfur batteries. For anode materials, the failure to inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites often leads to internal short circuits in the battery, which leads to serious thermal runaway of the battery. At the same time, the rapid development of nanotechnology has brought technological breakthroughs in various scientific fields. In this study, some of the latest nanotechnologies that have been systematically applied to improve the electrochemical performance of lithium-sulfur batteries are outlined. In addition, we rationally outlined strategies to reduce the negative effects of shuttle effects and suppress the growth of lithium dendrites. The use of nanotechnology can effectively increase the discharge capacity, improve the cycle stability, and enhance the safety of high-energy-density lithium-sulfur batteries. This research may provide insights into the development of nanotechnology for large-scale energy storage.