New Research in Physics

Abstract In this paper self-dose of lungs were calculated by Monte Carlo and point source kernel methods for different photon energies. Then, factors influencing on dose and in different energies were evaluated. The results showed that the dose of lungs is dependent on an attenuation coefficient setting (μ), the interaction of photons with tissue, the shape of lungs and adjacent organs of it.

Abstract Characterization of the states of radiation fields is of great attention in fundamental research of quantum optics. Understanding the quantum nature of light and investigating its nonclassical properties, in addition to establish experimental configurations followed by theoretical schemes, in order to generate the nonclassical light are some of the reasons that lead the people to this field of research. The photon-depleted coherent state, which is obtained by the successive effect of the creation operator on the coherent state, falls into this category. In this paper, by considering the nonlinear coherent state approach, the annihilation operator and coherent state is replaced by its deformed counterpart and nonlinear coherent state respectively and thus, by the successive effect of the f-deformed creation operator on the nonlinear coherent state, the f-deformed photon-depleted nonlinear coherent state is introduced. Then, some of the nonclassical properties of the states obtained consisting of normal and amplitude-squared squeezing, higher-order squeezing, Mandel parameter and higher-order sub-Poissonian statistics are studied. It is shown that, the connection between nonlinear coherent state and photon-depleted coherent state leads to the generation of new classes of nonclassical states.

Abstract In this paper, the nonlinear effect of saturation on the propagation of spatial soliton from a waveguide with a rectangular index was studied. To do this, the Fourier step-step method was used to solve the one-dimensional nonlinear Schrodinger equation in the presence of a saturated nonlinear effect. This algorithm is presented in the appendix. Various parameters such as number of wells, maximum refractive index, nonlinear saturation effect, etc. were used to change the propagation characteristics of a soliton in the assumed medium. The effect of these parameters on soliton collapse and its behavior was investigated. It was shown that with the help of these parameters, these behaviors can be adjusted as desired. With the help of non-linear saturation effect, the collapse of soliton can be prevented.

Abstract In this paper, we use a holographic description of technicolor dynamics to study beyond the standard model of fundamental particles. For this purpose, we use non-abelian gauge theories that only break chiral symmetry when aided by a strong four fermion interactions. This four fermion interaction is called (NJL) for short. In these gauge theories, coupling constant behaves differently with changing in number of color and flavor which by considering NJL interaction in Phenomenological models, are known as NJL assisted technicolor models. These models provide examples of different dynamics from walking technicolor which can, by tuning of model’s parameters, generate a light higgs like meson. Therefore, by using holography, we are able to provide a model that is established in high energies, and by reducing energy, it not only leads to the generation of standard model particles, but can also produce light particles such as higgs.

Abstract In this paper, we examine how to receive data recorded by the TESS Space Telescope, process the data, and extract the physical parameters of the planets from them. Today, the most widely used and successful technique for finding exoplanets is the transit method, which is used in this article to study the companion planet of HD 202772A star. By obtaining the light curve and validation data of HD 202772A through the MAST database and using the BLS method, which is the most common method for extracting and determining the transit parameters of the exoplanets from the light curve, the orbital period, the transit depth and the transit duration of the planet was extended 3.3 days, 0.003 and 0.2 day were determined, respectively. Also, the radius of the parent star, which is used to calculate the depth and therefore the radius of the planet, is selected from the TICv8 catalog. Finally, the radius of the target planet 1.38458962 Jupiter radius was obtained, which is a relatively good match with the quantities reported by Wang et al. 2018.

Abstract Modern Communication will soon undergo fundamental changes by using quantum resources like superposition and entanglement. Among the most important quantum communication protocols is the quantum key distribution and quantum secret sharing. Quantum secret sharing is a protocol in which a secret key is shared between a group of players in a secure way. Most of the secret sharing protocols use multi-partite entangled states which are difficult to create and maintain. To remove the necessity for entangled states, sequential Quantum Secret Sharing (QSS) has been developed in which all players act on a single state and pass it sequentially to each other. At the end by public and partial announcement of parameters of their action, they can infer a shared and secure secret key among themselves. Since in the real world, any communication protocol is subject to noise, it is important to study the reliability of this protocol under the most common types of noise.In this work we prove that the protocol is robust against one of the most common sources of noise, namely the bit-flip noise.

Abstract One of the main and determining components of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is the pigment, which is one of the most important features of a good pigment to absorb more input photons, or in other words, its wider absorption spectrum. Because the process of electron transfer in a pigmented solar cell is based on photoelectrochemical mechanisms and its simulation model is like photosynthesis in plants, so the use of a natural pigment with a high absorption spectrum can be effective in addition to environmental compatibility. Significantly increase cell efficiency. This study used natural fruit extracts of Dutch jasmine, five-leaf ivy, Cactus Apontia, Acacia, and Mahogany. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were applied on a transparent conductive substrate by Dr. Blade's coating method. The optical properties of natural dye extracts were investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The crystal structure and morphological properties of TiO₂ electrodes were analyzed by XRD and FESEM, respectively. The results of the current-voltage characterization show that due to the anthocyanin of the Holandi jasmine pigment (with ethanol solvent) and the interaction between the anthocyanin of hydroxyl groups and the TiO₂ surface, this sensor has the best photovoltaic performance and is more efficient among Natural colors are tested. Also, the values ​​of short circuit current density, open-circuit voltage, filling factor, and efficiency for this cell were 12.35 mA / cm2, 721 mV, 0.5, and 4.45, respectively. The results of this study indicate a simple and feasible method with minimal facilities for fabricating dye-sensitized solar cells.