Investigation of the effects of doping and recombination of charge carriers in Polymer Bulk Heterojunction P3HT:PCBM Solar Cells

Mahmoudloo, Ali

doi:10.61882/jmrph.7.2.56

Investigation of the effects of doping and recombination of charge carriers in Polymer Bulk Heterojunction P3HT:PCBM Solar Cells

Author

Ali Mahmoudloo

farhangian university

https://doi.org/10.61882/jmrph.7.2.56

Abstract

Properties of charge carriers transport in organic semiconductors depend on the presence and distribution of trap sites. As we know, traps are the result of disorder in polymer molecules and chains caused by physical or chemical impurities in the structure of organic semiconductors. From the point of view of crystal defects that cause changes in energy levels and create an energy gap in the band theory, The transport properties of the charge carriers in these types of systems will also undergo changes, and the most important parameter will be localized or getting trapped in the conduction process. In this paper, we have investigated the effects of basic parameters on the performance of heterojunction organic solar cells as well as charge transfer using different carrier recombination models. In order to simulate these processes, we have studied the basic parameters of bulk organic solar cells with P3HT:PCBM structure by using the self-consistent solution of drift- diffusion equations and Poisson's equation, as well as using different recombination models through the finite element method. We have also investigated the effects of n-type and p-type impurity in the polymers used in a bulk organic solar cell with P3HT:PCBM structure by using the drift-diffusion model and the use of different models presented for the recombination of charge carriers. In most of the presented theoretical models and studies, the active area in organic solar cells is assumed to be intrinsic, while this assumption has some problems for their study and optimization, and the contribution of doping polymers. The studied structure is shown in figure (3). This structure includes the active area with a P3HT:PCBM bulk structure with a thickness of 100 nm.

Keywords

Polymer Solar Cell

drift – diffusion Model

charge Transport

charge Carrier Recombination

geminate Combination

[1] C. Liang, Y. Wang, D. Li, X. Ji, F. Zhang, Z. He, Modeling and simulation of bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 127 (2014) 67-86. [DOI:10.1016/j.solmat.2014.04.009]

[2] T. Tromholt, M. Manceau, M. Helgesen, J. E. Carle, F. C. Krebs, Degradation of semiconducting polymers by concentrated sunlight, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 95 (2011) 1308-1320 [DOI:10.1016/j.solmat.2010.09.022]

[3] Y. Zhou, J. Pei, Q. Dong, X. Sun, Y. Liu, W. Tian, Donor- Acceptor Molecule as the Acceptor for Polymer-Based Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells, J. Phys. Chem. C, 113 (2009) 7882- 78809 [DOI:10.1021/jp811522p]

[4] A. Mahmoudloo , S. Ahmadi , Influence of the temperature on the charge transport and recombination profile in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells: a drift-diffusion study, J. Applide Physics A,119(4), (2015) 1523-1529. [DOI:10.1007/s00339-015-9130-3]

[5] D. Rezzonico, B. Perucco, E. Knapp, R. Hausermann, N. A. Reinke, F. Muller, B. Ruhstaller, Numerical analysis of exciton dynamics in organic light-emitting devices and solar cells, J. of Photonics for Energy, 1 (2011) 011005-1. [DOI:10.1117/1.3528045]

[6] J. D. Kotlarski, L. J. A. Koster, P. W. M. Blom, M. Lenes, and L. H. Slooff, Combined optical and electrical modeling of polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells, J. Appl. Phys. 103 (2008) 084502. [DOI:10.1063/1.2905243]

[7] A. H. Fallahpour, A. Gagliardi, F. Santoni, D. Gentilini, A. Zampetti, M. Auf der Maur, and A. Di Carlo Modeling and simulation of energetically disordered organic solar cells, J. Appl. Phys, 103(2014) 184502. [DOI:10.1063/1.4901065]

[8] R. Yahyazadeh, Z. Hashempour, Effect of Hyrostatic pressure on optical Absorption coeffivient of InGaN/GaN of Multiple Quantum well solar cells, Journal of optoelectronical Nano structures,6.2 (2021) 1-22

[9] L. J. A. Koster, E. C. P. Smits, V. D. Mihailetchi, P. W. M. Blom, Device model for the operation of polymer/fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells, Phys. Rev. B, 72 (2005) 085205. [DOI:10.1103/PhysRevB.72.085205]

[10] J. Nelson, J. J. Kwiatkowski, J. Kirkpatrick, and J. M. Frost, Modeling charge transport in organic photovoltaic materials, Acc. Chem. Res., 42 (2009) 1768. [DOI:10.1021/ar900119f] [PMID]

[11] F. F. Stelzl, Uli Wurfel, Modeling the influence of doping on the performance of bulk heterojunction organic solar cells: One-dimensional effective semiconductor versus two-dimensional onor/acceptor model, Phys. Rev. B., 86 (2012) 075315. [DOI:10.1103/PhysRevB.86.075315]

[12] B. Ray and M. A. Alam, Random vs regularized OPV: Limits of performance gain of organic bulk heterojunction solar cells by morphology engineering, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 99 (2012) 204. [DOI:10.1016/j.solmat.2011.11.042]

[13] M. Pfeiffer , K. Leo, X. Zhou, J.S. Huang, M. Hofmann, A. Werner, J. Blochwitz-Nimoth, Doped organic semiconductors: Physics and application in light emitting diodes, Organic Elec. 4 (2003) 89103. [DOI:10.1016/j.orgel.2003.08.004]

[14] B. A. Gregg, Transport in Charged Defect-Rich p-Conjugated Polymers, J. Phys. Chem. C, 113 (2009) 5899. [DOI:10.1021/jp900616g]

[15] B. A. Gregg, Charged defects in soft semiconductors and their influence on organic photovoltaics, Soft Matter., 5 (2009) 2985 [DOI:10.1039/b905722f]

[16] A. Nollau, M. Pfeiffer, T. Fritz, K. Leo, Controlled n-type doping of a molecular

Organic semiconductor: naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTCDA) doped with bis (ethylenedithio)- tetrathiafulvalene (BEDT-TTF), J. Appl. Phys., 87 (2000) 4340-4343. [DOI:10.1063/1.373413]

[17] A. Veysel Tunc, A. De Sio, D. Riedel, F. Deschler, E. Da Como, J. Parisi, E. von Hauff, Molecular doping of low-bandgap-polymer: fullerene solar cells: Effects on transport and solar cells, Org. Electron., 13 (2012) 290. [DOI:10.1016/j.orgel.2011.11.014]

[18] B. Maennig, M. Pfeiffer, A. Nollau, X. Zhou, K. Leo, P. Simon, Controlled p-type doping of polycrystalline and amorphous organic layers: Self-consistent description of conductivity and field-effect mobility by a microscopic percolation model, Phys. Rev. B, 64 (2001) 195208. [DOI:10.1103/PhysRevB.64.195208]