Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles are synthesized from the reaction of Cadmium sulfate pentahydrate, as the sources of producing Cd2+ ions, various sources of brimstone, as the sources of producing S2- ions, and a specific amount of Polyethylene glycol 400, as a recovering factor in the in different PHs and different temperatures, using the hydrothermal manner.The samples are characterized by use of an inspecting spectrum, X-ray diffraction , Fourier transform of infrared, scanning electronic microscope, analyzing diffracted X-ray and Transmission electron microscope. Assessing the spectrum of diffraction X-ray shows that the samples have a hexagonal structure in different PHs and different temperatures and samples have hexagonal structure and qubic structure in various sources of brimstone. the absorbed wavelength in all samples were below the Balk state and It has a red shift by use of thioacetamide sault, as the resource of S, due to the production of nanoparticles in different sizes. In addition, the existence of peaks related to vibrational modes of Cadmium sulfide is confirmed using the FT-IR pictures. Our studies demonstrate that the sizes of nanoparticles increase when PH and temperature increases. According to the calculation carried out, the energy gap of nanoparticles in all samples it is upper than the Bulk state. In assessing the nanoparticles synthesized using SEM, it is shown that the structure of nanoparticles change from nanorods to spherical as PH increases and it is shown the structure of nanoparticles is nanorods in different temperatures. In assessing the nanoparticles synthesized using various sources of brimstone by use of SEM,it is shown that the samples have spherical, nanorods and clustered structure.